Mabda'a Dharbaaxada

Ka-saariddu waa isticmaalka fal kiimiko ah si loo burburiyo dheeha fiber-ka oo uu lumiyo midabkiisa.
Waxaa jira laba nooc oo waaweyn oo ah walxaha kiimikaad ka saara. Mid ka mid ah wakiilada xariijimaha yareeya, kuwaas oo ku guuleysta ujeedada libista ama midabaynta iyagoo burburinaya nidaamka midabka ee qaabka molecular ee dheeha. Tusaale ahaan, midabada leh qaab-dhismeedka azo waxay leeyihiin koox azo ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu soo koobo kooxda amino oo ay lumiso midabkeeda. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxyeelada wakiilka yaraynta nidaamka midabka ee dheehyada qaarkood ayaa dib loo rogi karaa, sidaas awgeed waa la soo celin karaa, sida nidaamka midabka ee qaabka anthraquinone. Sodium sulfonate iyo budada cad ayaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa wakiilada diirka wax ka dhimaya. Midda kale waa wakiilada xariijimaha oksida, kuwaas oo inta badan la isticmaalo waa hydrogen peroxide iyo sodium hypochlorite. Xaaladaha qaarkood, oksaydhiyeyaasha waxay dhaawac u geysan karaan kooxo gaar ah oo ka kooban nidaamka midabka unugyada dheeha, sida kala-goynta kooxaha azo, oksaydhka kooxaha amino, methylation of hydroxy groups, iyo kala-soocidda ions birta adag. Isbeddelladan qaab-dhismeed ee aan dib-u-noqon karin waxay keenaan dheesha ama midabaynta dheeha, sidaa darteed aragti ahaan, wakiilka xarigga ee oksaydhka ayaa loo isticmaali karaa daawaynta dhammaystiran. Habkani wuxuu si gaar ah waxtar ugu leeyahay dheeha leh qaab-dhismeedka anthraquinone.

Dharka-saaridda caadiga ah

2.1 Ka-saarida midabada fal-celiska ah

Midab kasta oo fal-celin leh oo ka kooban dhismayaal bir ah waa in marka hore lagu kariyaa dareere ah wakiilka chelating ee birta ah (2 g/L EDTA). Kadibna si fiican ugu dhaq biyo ka hor inta aan la daweynin alkaliinka ama ka saarista oksaydhka. Jeexitaanka dhammaystiran waxaa badanaa lagu daaweeyaa heerkul sare 30 daqiiqo alkali iyo sodium hydroxide. Ka dib marka diirka la soo celiyo, si fiican u dhaq. Kadibna qabow ayaa lagu nadiifiyaa dareeraha hypochlorite sodium. Tusaalaha habka:
Tusaalooyinka habka dhar-goynta joogtada ah:
Dharka midabaynta → xalinta suufka yareeya (caustic soda 20 g/l, soluene 30 g/l) → 703 dhimista uumiga (100℃) → dhaqid

Tusaalaha dheehaynta habka diirinta maaddada:

Maro midab leh → reel → 2 biyo kulul → 2 soodhaha caustic (20g/l) → 8 midabka diirka (sodium sulfide 15g/l, 60℃) 4 biyo kulul →2 biyo qabow → Habka bleaching heerka sodium hypochlorite caadiga ah (NaClO) 2.5 g/l, oo la dulsaaray 45 daqiiqo).

2.2 Dharka baaruudka oo laga xayuubiyo

Dharka midabaysan ee Sulfur waxaa badanaa lagu saxaa iyadoo lagu daweynayo xal faaruq ah oo hoos u dhigaya wakiilka (6 g/L oo buuxa sodium sulfide) heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee suurtogalka ah si loo gaaro qayb ka mid ah diirinta dharka midabaysan ka hor inta aan dib loo midabayn. midab. Xaaladaha daran, sodium hypochlorite ama sodium hypochlorite waa in la isticmaalo.
Tusaalaha habka
Tusaalaha midabka khafiifka ah:
Geli marada → qooyn badan oo rogrogid (sodium hypochlorite 5-6 garaam litir, 50 ℃) → 703 uumi (2 daqiiqo) → biyo buuxa oo dhaqid → qallajin.

Tusaale madow:
Midabka aan dhamaystirnayn

Tusaalooyinka hababka dufcadda:
55% crystalline sodium sulfide: 5-10 g / l; dambaska soodhaha: 2-5 g/l (ama 36°BéNaOH 2-5 ml/l);
Heerkulka 80-100, wakhtiga 15-30, saamiga qubeyska 1:30-40.

2.3 Ka-saarista dheeha aashitada

Ku kari 30 ilaa 45 daqiiqo biyaha ammonia (2O ilaa 30 g/L) iyo wakiilka qoynta anionic (1 ilaa 2 g/L). Kahor daawaynta ammonia, isticmaal sodium sulfonate (10 ilaa 20 g/L) at 70°C si ay kaaga caawiso dhamaystirka diirka Ugu dambeyntii, habka xajinta oksaydhka ayaa sidoo kale la isticmaali karaa.
Marka lagu jiro xaaladaha acidic, ku darida surfactant gaar ah waxay sidoo kale yeelan kartaa saameyn wanaagsan oo diirran. Waxa kale oo jira kuwa isticmaala xaaladaha alkaline si ay midabka uga fujiyaan.

Tusaalaha habka:
Tusaalooyinka habka diirinta xariirta dhabta ah:

Dhimista, ka-saarista iyo biliijka (soda ash 1g/L, ku darida siman ee O 2g/L, budada baaruudka 2-3g/L, heerkulka 60 ℃, wakhtiga 30-45min, saamiga qubeyska 1:30) → Daaweynta hore ee warbaahinta (ferrous) sulfate heptahydrate) 10g/L, 50% hypophosphorous acid 2g/L, formic acid hagaajin pH 3-3.5, 80°C ee 60min) → biyo raaci (80°C ku dhaq 20min) /L, pentacrystalline sodium silicate 3-5g/L, heerkulka 70-8O℃, wakhtiga 45-90min, pH qiimaha 8-10) → nadiif ah

Tusaalaha habka dhogorta laga jarayo:

Nifanidine AN: 4; Oxalic acid: 2%; Kordhi heerkulka ilaa karkarinta 30 daqiiqo gudahood kuna hay barta karkarinta 20-30 daqiiqo; dabadeed nadiifi.

Tusaalaha habka ka-saarista naylon:

36°BéNaOH: 1%-3%; guri iyo O: 15% -20%; saabuunta synthetic: 5% -8%; saamiga qubeyska: 1:25-1:30; heerkulka: 98-100 ° C; waqtiga: 20-30min (ilaa dhammaan midabaynta).

Ka dib markii midabka oo dhan la diiray, heerkulku si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo yareeyaa, si fiican ayaa loo dhaqaa biyo, ka dibna alkali ee ku haray naylon si buuxda ayaa loo nadiifiyaa 0.5mL/L acetic acid 30 ° C ilaa 10min, ka dibna la dhaqo. biyo leh.

2.4 Ka-saarista dheeha

Guud ahaan, nidaamka isku dhafan ee sodium hydroxide iyo sodium hydroxide, dheeha dharka ayaa mar kale la dhimay heerkul aad u sarreeya. Mararka qaarkood waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro xalalka polyvinylpyrrolidine, sida BASF's Albigen A.

Tusaalooyinka habka dhar-goynta joogtada ah:

Dharka midabaynta → xalinta suufka yareeya (caustic soda 20 g/l, soluene 30 g/l) → 703 dhimista uumiga (100℃) → dhaqid

Tusaalaha habka diirinta joogtada ah:

Pingping oo lagu daray O: 2-4g/L; 36°BéNaOH: 12-15ml/L; Sodium hydroxide: 5-6g/L;

Inta lagu jiro daawaynta, heerkulku waa 70-80 ℃, wakhtiguna waa 30-60 daqiiqo, saamiga qubayska waa 1:30-40.

2.5 Ka-saarida midabada kala firdhisan

Hababka soo socda ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu kala firdhiyo dheeha polyesterka:

Habka 1: Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate iyo side, lagu daaweeyaa 100 ° C iyo pH4-5; Saamaynta daawaynta ayaa aad uga muhiimsan 130°C.

Habka 2: Sodium chlorite iyo formic acid waxaa lagu farsameeyaa 100 ° C iyo pH 3.5.

Natiijada ugu fiicani waa daawaynta koowaad oo ay ku xigto daawaynta labaad. Ilaa inta suurtogalka ah ee madow ee dheesha ka dib daaweynta.

2.6 Ka-saarida midabada cationic

Ka-saarida midabada kala firdhisan ee polyester-ka waxay badanaa isticmaashaa hababka soo socda:

Qubeyska ay ku jiraan 5 ml/litir monoethanolamine iyo 5 g/litir sodium chloride, ku daaw meesha karkaraya ilaa 1 saac. Dabadeed nadiifi, ka dibna warankiilo ku jira qubeyska ay ku jiraan 5 ml/L sodium hypochlorite (150 g/L koloriin diyaar ah), 5 g/L sodium nitrate (daxalka inhibitor), oo ku hagaaji pH ilaa 4 ilaa 4.5 leh acidic acid. 30 daqiiqo Ugu dambeyntii, dharka waxaa lagu daaweeyaa sodium chloride sulfite (3 g/L) 60 ° C ilaa 15 daqiiqo, ama 1-1.5 g/L ee sodium hydroxide at 85 ° C 20 ilaa 30 daqiiqo. Ugu dambeyntiina nadiifi.

Isticmaalka saabuunta (0.5 ilaa 1 g/L) iyo xal karsan oo acetic acid ah si loogu daaweeyo marada la midabeeyey ee pH 4 ilaa 1-2 saacadood waxa kale oo ay gaadhi kartaa saamayn qolof ah qayb ahaan.
Tusaalaha habka:
Fadlan tixraac 5.1 acrylic knitted marada midabka tusaale ahaan.

2.7 Ka-saarista midabada azo ee aan milmi karin

5 ilaa 10 ml/litir oo ah 38°Bé caustic soodhada, 1 ilaa 2 ml/litir oo kala firdhiso kulaylka degan, iyo 3 ilaa 5 g/litir ee sodium hydroxide, oo lagu daray 0.5 ilaa 1 g/litir oo budada anthraquinone ah. Haddii ay jiraan sodium hydroxide ku filan iyo soodhaha caustic, anthraquinone waxay ka dhigi doontaa dareeraha xoqidda casaan. Haddii ay jaale noqoto ama bunni noqoto, waa in lagu daraa soodhaha caustic ama sodium hydroxide. Dharka la jeexay waa in si fiican loo dhaqo.

2.8 diirinta rinjiga

Rinjiga way adagtahay in la fujiyo, guud ahaan isticmaal potassium permanganate si aad u diiriso.

Tusaalaha habka:

Midabaynta maro cilladaysan

Ka-saarista walxaha dhamaystirka ee inta badan la isticmaalo

3.1 Ka qaadista wakiilka wax hagaajinaya

Hagaajinta wakiilka Y waxaa laga saari karaa qadar yar oo dambas soodhaha ah oo lagu daro O; Walaxda hagaajinta ee polyamine cationic waxaa laga saari karaa marka lagu karkariyo acetic acid.

3.2 Ka saarida saliidda silikoonka iyo jilciyaha

Guud ahaan, jilciyaasha ayaa laga saari karaa iyadoo lagu dhaqo saabuunta, mararka qaarkoodna ash soodhaha iyo saabuunta ayaa la isticmaalaa; Jilciyeyaasha qaarkood waa in lagu saaraa formic acid iyo surfactant. Habka ka saarista iyo shuruudaha habraaca waxay ku xiran yihiin tijaabooyin muunad ah.

Saliidda silikoon way adag tahay in la saaro, laakiin leh surfactant gaar ah, xaaladaha alkaline xooggan, karkaraya waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in laga saaro inta badan saliidda silikoon. Dabcan, kuwani waxay ku xiran yihiin tijaabooyin muunad ah.

3.3 Ka saarida wakiilka dhamaystiraya resin

Walaxda dhammaynaysa xabagta ayaa guud ahaan laga saaraa habka uumiga iyo dhaqidda aashitada. Habka caadiga ah waa: xalinta aashitada (hydrochloric acid fiirsashada 1.6 g/l) → isugaynta (85 ℃ 10 daqiiqo) → biyo kulul oo dhaqid → biyo qabow oo dhaqid → qallajin. Habkan, xabagta ku dul taal marada ayaa laga siibi karaa mashiinka xoqidda iyo warankiilada ee joogtada ah.

Mabda'a sixitaanka hadh iyo tignoolajiyada

4.1 Mabda'a iyo farsamada ee hagaajinta iftiinka midabka
Marka hooska dharka dheehku aanu buuxin shuruudaha, waxay u baahan tahay in la saxo. Mabda'a sixitaanka hadhku waa mabda'a midabka haraaga ah. Midabka haraaga waxa loogu yeero, taas oo ah, laba midab ayaa leh sifooyinka kala-goynta wadajirka ah. Lammaanaha midabka soo hadhay waa: casaan iyo cagaar, oranji iyo buluug, iyo huruud iyo guduud. Tusaale ahaan, haddii iftiinka cas uu aad u culus yahay, waxaad ku dari kartaa qadar yar oo rinji cagaaran ah si loo yareeyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, midabka haraaga ah ayaa kaliya loo isticmaalaa in lagu hagaajiyo iftiinka midabka qadar yar. Haddii qaddarku aad u weyn yahay, waxay saameyn doontaa qoto dheeraanta midabka iyo muuqaalka, qiyaasta guudna waxay ku saabsan tahay lg/L.

Guud ahaan, midabada falceliska ah ee dharka la midabeeyey ayaa aad u dhib badan in la dayactiro, iyo dheeha dharka midabaysan ay fududahay in la dayactiro; marka dheeha sulfur la hagaajiyo, hadhku way adagtahay in la xakameeyo, guud ahaan isticmaal dheeha suufka ah si aad ugu darto oo uga jarto midabada; Midabaynta tooska ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa dayactirka dheeriga ah, laakiin qaddarku waa inuu ka yaraado 1 g/L.

Hababka caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo ee sixitaanka hadhku waxa ka mid ah biyo-dhaqidda (ku habboon in lagu dheehdo maro la dhammeeyey oo leh hadh madow, midabyo badan oo sabaynaya, iyo hagaajinta dharka aan ku qanacsanayn iyo xajinta saabuunta), xoqidda iftiinka (tixraac habka dheehadhka, xaaladaha Way ka fudud tahay habka xariifnimada caadiga ah), uumi alkali suufka (ku dabaqi karo dheeha alkali-xasaasiga ah, kuwaas oo intooda badan loo isticmaalo dheeha falgal ah; sida KNB madoow madow oo falcelinaya maro midab leh sida iftiin buluug ah, waxaad rogi kartaa qadar habboon oo soodhaha caustic ah, Lagu kabo uumi iyo dhaqid guri si loo gaaro ujeedada iftiiminta iftiinka buluuga ah), wakiilka suufka caddeeya (ku dabaqi karo iftiinka cas ee dharka la dheehday, gaar ahaan dharka la dhammeeyey ee lagu rinjiyeeyay dheeh dheeman, midabku wuu badan yahay marka midabku yahay dhexdhexaad ama iftiin. Wax ku ool ah midabka caadiga ah ee lumay, dib-u-baxa waa la tixgelin karaa, laakiin hydrogen peroxide bleaching waa in ay noqotaa habka ugu muhiimsan ee looga fogaado isbeddelada midabka aan loo baahnayn.), rinjiga rinjiga, iwm.
4.2 Tusaalaha habka sixitaanka hadhka: habka kala goynta ee midabaynta falcelinta

4.2.1 Taangiga ugu horreeya ee shanta xabo ee dabaqa ah ee mashiinka saabuunta dhimista, ku dar 1 g/L guri dabaq ah oo ku dar O karkari, ka dibna samee dhaqid siman, guud ahaan 15% gacmeed.

4.2.2 Shanta taangiyada ee ugu horreeya ee dabaqa ah ee mashiinka saabuunta dhimista, ku dar lg/L flat iyo flat O, 1mL/L glacial acetic acid, oo ku dhaaf mishiinka heerkulka qolka si aad iftiinka liimiga uga dhigto 10% khafiif ah.

4.2.3 Padding 0.6mL/L oo ah biyaha bleaching ee taangiga rogroga ee mishiinka dhimista, iyo sanduuqa uumi ee heerkulka qolka, labada qaybood ee hore ee taangiga maydhashada biyaha, labada qaybood ee ugu dambeeya waxaa lagu dhaqaa biyo qabow. , hal qol oo leh biyo kulul, ka dibna saabuun. Diiqa biyaha bleaching waa kala duwan yahay, qoto dheer oo diirka ayaa sidoo kale ka duwan, iyo midabka diirka bleaching ayaa xoogaa daciif ah.

4.2.4 Isticmaal 10L oo ah 27.5% hydrogen peroxide, 3L oo ah hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, 2L of 36°Bé caustic soda, 1L of 209 saabuun ilaa 500L oo biyo ah, ku tumi mashiinka yaraynta, ka dibna ku dar O si aad u kariso, saabuun iyo kariyo 15% hoose

4.2.5 Isticmaal 5-10g/L oo ah baking soda, uumi si aad midabka uga xayuubiso, ku dhaq oo ku karkari saabuun, waxay noqon kartaa 10-20% khafiif ah, midabkuna wuxuu noqon doonaa buluug ka dib marka la siibo.

4.2.6 Isticmaal 10g/L soodhaha caustic, uumi ka-saarista, dhaqida iyo saabuunta, waxay noqon kartaa 20%-30% khafiif ah, iyo iftiinka midabku waxoogaa mugdi ah.

4.2.7 Isticmaal uumi sodium perborate 20g/L si aad midabka uga xayuubiso, kaas oo noqon kara 10-15%.

4.2.8 U isticmaal 27.5% hydrogen peroxide 1-5L mashiinka dheehaynta jig, ku orod 2 baas 70℃, muunad, oo xakamee diirada hydrogen peroxide iyo tirada baasaska iyadoo loo eegayo qoto dheer midabka. Tusaale ahaan, haddii cagaarka madow uu dhaafo 2 baas, waxay noqon kartaa mid qoto dheer ilaa kala badh ilaa badh. Qiyaastii 10%, hadhku wax yar ayuu isbeddelaa.

4.2.9 Ku rid 250mL oo biyo ah 250L oo biyo ah mashiinka dheeha, ku soco 2 haad heerkulka qolka, waxaana laga xayuubin karaa sida hoose ilaa 10-15%.

4.2.1O waxaa lagu dari karaa mishiinka dheeha, ku dar O iyo soodhaha diirinta

Tusaalooyinka habka hagaajinta cilladda midabaynta

5.1 Tusaalooyinka habaynta midabka akriliga

5.1.1 Ubax midab khafiif ah

5.1.1.1 Geedi socodka socodka:

Fabric, surfactant 1227, acetic acid → 30 daqiiqo ilaa 100°C, ilaalinta kulaylka 30 daqiiqo → 60°C biyo kulul maydhista → si tartiib ah u diiraya ilaa 98°C, adigoo diirimaad 40 daqiiqo

5.1.1.2 qaacidada ka saarida:

Surfactant 1227: 2%; acetic acid 2.5%; saamiga qubeyska 1:10

5.1.1.3 Caado-midabaynta ka-hortagga:

Midabaynta xayndaabka (oo loo beddelay habka asalka ah) 2O%; acetic acid 3%; saamiga qubeyska 1:20

5.1.2 Ubax midab madow

5.1.2.1 Habka geedi socodka:

Fabric, sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid → kululaynta ilaa 100 ° C, 30 daqiiqo → qaboojinta biyaha → sodium bisulfite → 60°C, 20 daqiiqo → tartiib tartiib kor ugu qaad ilaa 100°C, diiri ilaa 4O daqiiqo

5.1.2.2 qaacidada ka saarida:

Sodium hypochlorite: 2O%; 10% acetic acid;

Saamiga qubeyska 1:20

5.1.2.3 formula koloriin:

Sodium bisulfit 15%

Saamiga qubeyska 1:20

5.1.2.4 formula ka-midabaynta

Midabaynta cationic (oo loo beddelay habraacii asalka ahaa) 120%

Acid acid 3%

Saamiga qubeyska 1:20

5.2 Tusaalaha daawaynta midabaynta ee dharka naylon

5.2.1 Ubax midab yar

Marka farqiga u dhexeeya qoto dheer ee midabkiisu yahay 20% -30% qoto dheer ee dheehidda lafteeda, guud ahaan 5% -10% heerka iyo O waa la isticmaali karaa, saamiga qubeyska waa la mid ah dheeha, heerkulkuna wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 80 ℃ iyo 85 ℃. Marka qoto-dheeruhu gaadho 20% qoto dheer ee dheehidda, si tartiib ah u kordhi heerkulka ilaa 100 ° C oo ku hay diiri ilaa dheehu uu nuugo fiberku intii suurtogal ah.

5.2.2 Ubax midab dhexdhexaad ah

Midabka dhexdhexaadka ah, hababka kala-goynta qayb ahaan ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daro dheeha qoto dheer ee asalka ah.

Na2CO3 5% -10%

Ku dar O 1O%-l5% si siman

Saamiga qubeyska 1:20-1:25

Heerkulka 98 ℃-100 ℃

Waqtiga 90 min-120min

Ka dib marka midabka la yareeyo, dharka waxaa lagu dhaqaa biyo kulul marka hore, ka dibna lagu dhaqo biyo qabow, ugu dambeyntiina waa la rinjiyeeyaa.

5.2.3 Midab halis ah

Habka:

36°BéNaOH: 1%-3%

Flat iyo O: 15% ~ 20%

Saabuunta synthetic: 5%-8%

Saamiga qubeyska 1:25-1:30

Heerkulka 98 ℃-100 ℃

Waqtiga 20min-30min (ilaa dhammaan midabaynta)
Ka dib marka dhammaan midabka la diiriyo, heerkulku si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo yareeyaa, ka dibna si fiican loogu biyo raaci 0.5 mL oo acetic acid at 30 ° C 10 daqiiqo si buuxda u baabi'iso alkali haraaga, ka dibna biyo raaci biyo si dib loogu rinjiyeeyo. Midabada qaar waa in aan lagu rinjiyin midabada asaasiga ah ka dib marka la siibo. Sababtoo ah midabka salka dharku wuxuu noqdaa huruud khafiif ah ka dib marka laga saaro. Xaaladdan oo kale, midabka waa in la beddelo. Tusaale ahaan: Ka dib marka midabka geela la wada gooyo, midabka asalka ahi wuxuu noqonayaa huruud khafiif ah. Haddii midabkii geela mar kale la dheehdo, hadhkuna wuu cawlanayaa. Haddii aad isticmaasho Pura Red 10B, ku hagaaji qadar yar oo huruud ah oo iftiin ah oo u beddel midabka naxaasta si hadhku u iftiimo.

sawir

5.3 Tusaalaha daawaynta midabaynta ee dharka polyesterka

5.3.1 Ubax midab yar leh,

Jeex wakiilka dayactirka ubaxa ama wakiilka heerkulkiisu sarreeyo 1-2 g/L, ku celi ilaa 135°C 30 daqiiqo. Midabka dheeraadka ah waa 10% -20% qiyaasta asalka ah, qiimaha pH waa 5, taas oo baabi'in karta midabka dharka, wasakhda, farqiga hooska iyo qoto dheeraanta midabka, saameyntuna waxay la mid tahay tan dharka caadiga ah ee wax soo saarka. swatch.

5.3.2 Nabaro halis ah

Sodium chlorite 2-5 g/L, acetic acid 2-3 g/L, methyl naphthalene 1-2 g/L;

Ku bilaw daawaynta 30°C, kuleyli 2°C/daqiiqo ilaa 100°C 60 daqiiqo,kadibna ku maydh marada biyo.

5.4 Tusaalooyinka daaweynta cilladaha halista ah ee midabaynta dharka suufka leh midabyo falcelin leh

Socodka geeddi-socodka: ka-saarista → oksaydhaynta → ka-hortagga midabaynta

5.4.1 Midabka diirka

5.4.1.1 Habka daawada

Budada caymiska 5 g/L-6 g/L

Ping Ping oo leh O 2 g (L-4 g)

38°Bé caustic soodhaha 12 mL /L-15mL

Heerkulka 60 ℃-70 ℃

Saamiga qubayska l: lo

Waqtiga 30min

5.4.1.2 Habka hawlgalka iyo tallaabooyinka

Ku dar biyo iyadoo loo eegayo saamiga qubayska, ku dar kan hore loo miisaamay ee O, soodhaha caustic soodhaha, sodium hydroxide, iyo dhar mashiinka dushiisa, shid uumiga oo kordhi heerkulka ilaa 70°C, oo ka saar midabka 30 daqiiqo. Ka dib markaad diirto, daadi dareeraha haray, ku dhaq laba jeer biyo nadiif ah, ka dibna daadi dareeraha.

5.4.2 Oxidation

5.4.2.1 Habka daawada

3O%H2O2 3ml

38°Bé caustic soodhaha l mL

Xasijiye 0.2ml/L

Heerkulka 95 ℃

Saamiga qubeyska 1:10

Waqtiga 60 daqiiqo

5.4.2.2 Habka hawlgalka iyo tallaabooyinka

Ku dar biyo iyadoo loo eegayo saamiga qubeyska, ku dar xasiliyeyaasha, soodhaha caustic, hydrogen peroxide iyo waxyaabo kale, shid uumiga oo kordhi heerkulka ilaa 95 ° C, ku hay 60 daqiiqo, ka dibna hoos u dhig heerkulka 75 ° C, daadi dareere oo ku dar biyo, ku dar 0.2 soodhaha, ku dhaq 20 daqiiqo, daadi dareeraha; isticmaal Ku dhaq biyo kulul 80°C 20 daqiiqo; ku dhaq biyo kulul 60°C ilaa 20 daqiiqo, ku dhaq biyo qabow oo socda ilaa ay maradu si buuxda u qaboojiso.

5.4.3 Ka-hortagga

5.4.3.1 Habka daawada

Midabaynta falcelinta: 30% x% isticmaalka habka asalka ah

Budada Yuanming: 50% Y% ee isticmaalka habka asalka ah

Dambaska soodhaha: 50% z% isticmaalka habka asalka ah

Saamiga qubayska l: lo

Heerkulka sida waafaqsan habka asalka ah

5.4.3.2 Habka hawlgalka iyo tallaabooyinka
Raac habka midabaynta caadiga ah iyo tillaabooyinka.

Soo bandhigid kooban oo ku saabsan habka midabaynta ee dharka isku dhafan

Kala firdhiso iyo midabada aysiidhka ah waxa qayb ahaan laga fujin karaa dharka isku dhafan ee diacetate/dhogorta leh 3 ilaa 5% alkylamine polyoxyethylene at 80 to 85°C iyo pH 5 to 6 for 30 to 60 minutes. Daaweyntani waxay sidoo kale qayb ahaan ka saari kartaa midabada kala firdhisan ee qaybta acetate-ka ee diacetate/nylon iyo diacetate/polyacrylonitrile fiber isku darka. Qayb ahaan ka-saarista dheeha kala firdhiyey ee polyester/polyacrylonitrile ama polyester/dhogor waxay u baahan tahay in lagu karkariyo qaade ilaa 2 saacadood. Ku darida 5 ilaa 10 garaam/litir oo ah saabuunta aan-ionic ahayn iyo 1 ilaa 2 garaam/litir oo budo cad ah waxa ay badiyaa wanaajin kartaa diirinta fiilooyinka polyester/polyacrylonitrile.

1 g/L saabuunta anionic; 3 g/L dib-u-dhis dheehaye ah; iyo 4 g/L daawaynta sodium sulfate barta karkarinta iyo pH 10 ilaa 45 daqiiqo. Waxay qayb ahaan ka siibi kartaa dheeha alkaline-ka iyo aashitada dharka isku-dhafka ah ee naylon/alkalineed polyester-ka.

1% saabuunta aan-ionic ahayn; 2% dib-u-dhigista midabka cationic; iyo 10% ilaa 15% daaweynta sodium sulfate barta karkarinta iyo pH 5 90 ilaa 120 daqiiqo. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in laga xayuubiyo dhogorta/ fiber polyacrylonitrile.

Isticmaal 2 ilaa 5 garaam/litir oo soodhaha caustic ah, iyo 2 ilaa 5 garaam/litir oo sodium hydroxide ah, nadiifinta dhimista 80 ilaa 85°C, ama xal dhexdhexaad ah oo alkaline ah oo budo cad ah 120°C, kaas oo laga heli karo polyester/ cellulose Midabyo badan oo toos ah iyo kuwa firfircoon ayaa laga saaray isku darka.

Isticmaal 3% ilaa 5% budada cad iyo saabuunta anionic si aad u daweyso 4O-6O daqiiqadaha 80 ℃ iyo pH4. Midabada kala firdhisan iyo aashitada waxaa laga saari karaa fiber-ka-diacetate/polypropylene, diacetate/dhogorta, diacetate/nylon, naylon/polyurethane, iyo aashitada dheeha ka samaysan ee nylon.

Isticmaal 1-2 g/L sodium chlorite, karkari 1 saac pH 3.5, si aad u kala firdhiso, cationic, toosan ama midabada falcelisa ee ka samaysan cellulose/polyacrylonitrile fiber isku qasan. Marka la iska xayuubiyo triacetate/polyacrylonitrile, polyester/polyacrylonitrile, iyo polyester/cellulose dhar isku dhafan, sidaha ku haboon iyo saabuunta aan ionic ahayn waa in lagu daraa.

Tixgelinta wax soo saarka

7.1 Dharka waa in la tijaabiyaa ka hor inta aan la dilin ama la hagaajin hadhka.
7.2 Dhaqitaanka (biyo qabow ama kulul) waa in la xoojiyaa ka dib marka marada la siibo.
7.3 Ka qaadista waa in ay ahaataa mid gaaban waana in lagu celiyaa haddi loo baahdo.
7.4 Marka la iska siibo, xaaladaha heerkulka iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro waa in si adag loo xakameeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinka dheeha laftiisa, sida iska caabbinta oksaydhka, caabbinta alkali, iyo caabbinta koloriinta. Si looga hortago xad-dhaafka xad-dhaafka ah ee lagu daro ama xakamaynta heerkulka aan habboonayn, taasoo keenta diirrid xad-dhaaf ah ama diirran. Marka loo baahdo, habka waa in lagu go'aamiyaa faa'iido leh.
7.5 Marka marada qayb laga siibo, xaaladaha soo socda ayaa dhici doona:
7.5.1 Daawaynta qoto dheer ee midabka dheeha, hooska dheehku wax badan ma beddeli doono, kaliya midabka midabka ayaa isbeddelaya. Haddii shuruudaha midabaynta midabaynta, waxay si buuxda u buuxin kartaa shuruudaha muunada midabka;
7.5.2 Marka dharka lagu rinjiyeeyay laba ama in ka badan oo midabyo leh oo isku mid ah ayaa qayb ahaan laga siibay, isbeddelka hoosku waa yar yahay. Sababtoo ah dheeha ayaa kaliya laga xayuubiyay isla darajo isku mid ah, dharka la jeexjeexay ayaa kaliya muuqan doona Isbeddellada qoto dheer.
7.5.3 Daawaynta dharka midabaynta leh midabyo kala duwan oo qoto dheer oo midab leh, sida caadiga ah waa lagama maarmaan in la saaro midabada oo dib loo midabeeyo.