Ka dib ku dhawaad ​​​​qarni oo horumar ah, warshadaha kiimikada ee Shiinaha ayaa noqday dalka ugu kobaca badan adduunka, wareegga warshaduhuna aad ayuu uga gaaban yahay kan warshadaha kiimikada ee Yurub, Ameerika, Japan iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed. Yurub, Ameerika iyo dalal kale, waxay qaadataa dhowr sano oo keliya in la gaaro heerka cabbirka, warshadaha kiimikada ee Shiinahana waxay ku dhowdahay dhammaadka. Farqiga ayaa ah in ka dib marxaladda ballaaran ee warshadaha kiimikada ee Yurub iyo Ameerika, tirada alaabada kiimikada ee fiican ee ay taageerto tiknoolajiyada sare ay si weyn u kordho, halka Shiinaha, sababtoo ah horumarka xaddidan ee tiknoolajiyada, mugga sahayda suuqa ee kiimikooyinka wanaagsan ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordha.

5-10ka sano ee soo socda, geeddi-socodka baaxadda leh ee warshadaha kiimikada ee Shiinaha ayaa dhammaan doona, geeddi-socodka horumarinta wanaagsanina wuu sii dardar-geli doonaa. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, hay'ado badan oo cilmi-baaris oo gudaha ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ku xiran shirkadaha hormuudka ah, ayaa kordhinaya maalgashigooda cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta kiimikooyinka wanaagsan.

Jihada horumarinta kiimikooyinka fiican ee Shiinaha, tan koowaad waa cilmi-baarista qoto dheer ee farsamaynta iyadoo la adeegsanayo hydrocarbons-ka kaarboon yar sida walxaha ceeriin ah, qaybta hoosena waxay inta badan ku urursan tahay dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha dawooyinka, dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha cayayaanka iyo meelaha kale. Marka labaad, farsamaynta qoto dheer iyo isticmaalka hydrocarbons-ka polycarbonate, qaybta hoose ee walxaha kiimikada ee heerka sare ah, waxyaabaha lagu daro iyo meelaha kale; Saddexaad, kala-soocidda iyo nadiifinta walxaha ceeriin ee kaarboon-karboon sare leh iyo farsamaynta qoto dheer iyo isticmaalka, qaybta hoose ee surfactant-ka, balaastikada iyo meelaha kale.

Marka la eego cabbirka kharashka, kordhinta warshadaha kiimikada ee fiican ee walxaha ceeriin ee kaarboon yar ayaa ah habka ugu jaban ee wax soo saarka iyo cilmi-baarista. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, hay'ado badan oo cilmi-baaris oo cilmiyeed oo ku yaal Shiinaha ayaa si firfircoon u ballaarinaya cilmi-baarista warshadaha kiimikada ee kaarboon yar ee kaarboon yar. Waxyaabaha matalaya waa fidinta kiimikada wanaagsan ee silsiladda warshadaha isobutylene iyo fidinta kiimikada wanaagsan ee silsiladda warshadaha aniline.

Sida laga soo xigtay baaritaanka hordhaca ah, silsiladda warshadaha ee in ka badan 50 kiimikooyin khafiif ah ayaa la ballaariyay hoos u dhaca isobutene saafi ah oo sarreeya, heerka sifeynta silsiladda warshadaha ee alaabada hoosena waa sarreeyaa. Aniline waxay leedahay in ka badan 60 nooc oo kiimikooyin khafiif ah oo lagu kordhinayo silsiladda warshadaha hoose, tilmaamaha codsiga hoose waa badan yihiin.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, aniline waxaa inta badan soo saara hydrogenation-ka catalytic ee nitrobenzene, kaas oo ah soo saarista hydrogenation-ka ee nitric acid, hydrogen iyo benzene saafi ah oo ah walxo ceeriin ah. Waxaa lagu dabaqaa meelaha hoos yimaada MDI, waxyaabaha lagu daro caagga, rinjiyeyaasha iyo dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha caafimaadka, waxyaabaha lagu daro shidaalka iyo wixii la mid ah. Benzene-ka saafiga ah ee shirkadaha sifeynta saliidda iyo wax soo saarka kiimikada laguma dari karo alaabada saliidda, taas oo kor u qaadaysa fidinta iyo isticmaalka silsiladda warshadaha ee benzene saafiga ah, taas oo noqotay diiradda warshadaha cilmi-baarista kiimikada iyo horumarinta.

Sida laga soo xigtay warshadaha kala duwan ee lagu dabaqo wax soo saarka p-aniline, waxaa loo qaybin karaa warshadaha soo socda: Marka hore, isticmaalka goobta dardar-gelinta caagga iyo antioxidant-ka, kaas oo si qiyaas ah loogu qaybin karo shan nooc oo badeecooyin ah, kuwaas oo kala ah p-aminobenzidine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine iyo dicyclohexylamine. Inta badan badeecooyinkan aniline waxaa loo isticmaalaa goobta antioxidant-ka caagga ah, sida p-amino diphenylamine waxay soo saari kartaa antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, iwm.

Isticmaalka goobta xawaaraha caagga ah iyo antioxidant-ka waa jihada isticmaalka muhiimka ah ee aniline ee hoos yimaada goobta caagga, taasoo ka dhigan in ka badan 11% wadarta guud ee aniline ee hoos yimaada, badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee matalaya waa p-aminobenzidine iyo hydroquinone.

Isku-dhafka diazo, iyadoo la adeegsanayo aniline iyo nitrate iyo alaabooyin kale, badeecadaha la soo saari karo waa p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene iwm. Badeecadahan waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa beeraha midabaynta, daawooyinka iyo kuwa wax lagu buufiyo cayayaanka. Badeecadaha matalaya waa: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, kaas oo ah rinji azo ah oo macmal ah, midab um cod ah, midab kala firdhisan, oo sidoo kale loo isticmaalo soo saarista rinjiga iyo midabka iyo tilmaame ahaan, iwm. P-hydroxyaniline waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista FBG buluug ah oo sulphide ah, jaalle huruud ah oo daciif ah 5G iyo midabyo kale, soo saarista paracetamol, antamine iyo daawooyin kale, oo sidoo kale loo isticmaalo soo saarista horumariyaha, antioxidant-ka iwm.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, inta badan isku-dhafka aniline ee loo isticmaalo warshadaha rinjiga Shiinaha waa p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride iyo p-hydroxyaniline, kuwaas oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 1% isticmaalka hoose ee aniline, taas oo ah jihada codsiga muhiimka ah ee isku-dhafka nitrojiinta ee hoose ee aniline iyo sidoo kale jihada muhiimka ah ee cilmi-baarista tignoolajiyada warshadaha ee hadda jira.

Adeegsiga kale ee muhiimka ah ee aniline waa halogenation-ka aniline, sida soo saarista p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea iyo alaabooyin kale. Sababtoo ah tirada badan ee alaabada halogenation-ka ee aniline, waxaa si hordhac ah loo qiyaasaa inay jiraan ku dhawaad ​​20 nooc, kuwaas oo noqday jihada muhiimka ah ee fidinta silsiladda warshadaha kiimikada ee hoose ee aniline.

Falcelin kale oo muhiim ah oo aniline ah waa falcelinta dhimista, sida aniline iyo hydrogen si loo soo saaro cyclohexamine, aniline iyo asiidhka sulfuric ee xoogga leh iyo soodhaha si loo soo saaro bicyclohexane, aniline iyo asiidhka sulfuric iyo sulfur trioxide si loo soo saaro p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Falcelinta noocan ah waxay u baahan tahay tiro badan oo ah walxo kaabis ah, tirada alaabada hoos u dhacdana ma badna, qiyaastii waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay tahay ilaa shan nooc oo alaab ah.

 Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, sida p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, soo saarista midabada azo, oo loo isticmaalo sidii reagent tixraac ah, reagent tijaabo ah iyo reagent falanqaynta chromatographic, sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii cayayaan dilaha si looga hortago miridhku qamadiga. Dicyclohexamine, waa diyaarinta dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha rinjiga, iyo sidoo kale miridhku qamadiga dharka lagu sameeyo, iyo sidoo kale diyaarinta xawaashka iwm.

Xaaladaha falcelinta dhimista ee aniline waa kuwo aad u adag. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, intooda badan waxay ku urursan yihiin marxaladda wax soo saarka shaybaarka iyo kuwa yaryar ee Shiinaha, saamiga isticmaalkana aad buu u yar yahay. Ma aha jihada ugu weyn ee fidinta silsiladda warshadaha kiimikada ee hooseeya ee aniline.

Kordhinta silsiladda warshadaha kiimikada ee fiican iyadoo la adeegsanayo aniline oo ah walxo cayriin ah waxaa ka mid ah falcelinta arylation, falcelinta alkylation, falcelinta oksaydhka iyo nitrification, falcelinta wareegga, falcelinta isku-darka aldehyde iyo falcelinta isku-dhafka ah ee isku dhafan. Aniline waxay ka qayb qaadan kartaa falcelinta kiimikada badan, waxaana jira codsiyo badan oo hoos yimaada.