Ka dib ku dhawaad ​​qarni oo horumar ah, warshadaha Kiimikada ee Shiinaha ayaa noqday dalka ugu kobaca badan adduunka, wareegga warshaduhu aad ayuu uga gaaban yahay warshadaha kiimikada ee Yurub, Ameerika, Japan iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed. Yurub, Ameerika iyo waddamo kale, waxay qaadataa dhowr sano oo keliya si loo gaaro heerka cabbirka, iyo warshadaha kiimikada ee Shiinaha ayaa ku dhow dhammaadka. Farqiga ayaa ah in ka dib marxaladda baaxadda weyn ee warshadaha kiimikada ee Yurub iyo Ameerika, tirada alaabada kiimikada ee wanaagsan ee ay taageerto tignoolajiyada sare ayaa si aad ah u kordheysa, halka Shiinaha, ay ugu wacan tahay horumarka xaddidan ee tignoolajiyada, mugga sahayda suuqa ee ganaaxa kiimikooyinka ayaa si tartiib ah u kordha.

Sannadaha 5-10 ee soo socda, geeddi-socodka ballaaran ee warshadaha kiimikada ee Shiinaha ayaa dhammaan doona, geeddi-socodka horumarinta wanaagsanna wuu dardar-galin doonaa. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, machadyo badan oo cilmi-baaris gudaha ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ku xiran shirkadaha hormuudka ah, ayaa kordhinaya maalgashigooda cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta kiimikooyinka wanaagsan.

Jihada horumarinta ee kiimikooyinka ganaaxa ee Shiinaha, marka hore waa cilmi-baarista qoto-dheer ee la isticmaalayo hydrocarbons-kaarboon-hooseeya sida alaabta ceeriin, iyo hoose inta badan waxa ay ku urursan yihiin dhexda dawooyinka, dhexdhexaadiyaha cayayaanka iyo beeraha kale. Marka labaad, farsamaynta qoto dheer iyo ka faa'iidaysiga ee polycarbon hydrocarbons, hoose ee qalab kiimiko heer-dhamaadka sare, daro iyo beeraha kale; Saddexaad, kala-soocidda iyo nadiifinta alaabta ceeriin ee kaarboon-karboonka sare ah iyo farsamaynta qoto dheer iyo ka faa'iidaysiga, hoos-u-socodka surfactant, balaastikada iyo meelaha kale.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo cabbirka qiimaha, kordhinta warshadaha kiimikada ee wanaagsan ee alaabta ceeriin ee kaarboon-yar ayaa ah habka ugu jaban ee wax soo saarka iyo cilmi-baarista. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, machadyo badan oo cilmi-baaris oo cilmi-baaris ah oo ku yaal Shiinaha ayaa si firfircoon u ballaarinaya cilmi-baarista warshadaha kiimikada wanaagsan ee kaarboon-carbon ee hooseeya. Alaabooyinka wakiilku waa fidinta kiimikaad fiican ee silsiladda warshadaha isobutylene iyo kordhinta kiimikada wanaagsan ee silsilada warshadaha aniline.

Sida laga soo xigtay baaritaanka hordhaca ah, silsiladda warshadaha ee in ka badan 50 kiimikooyin ganaax ah ayaa la dheereeyey hoos u ah isobutene nadiif ah oo sarreeya, iyo heerka sifaynta silsiladda warshadaha ee alaabooyinka hoose ayaa sarreeya. Aniline waxay leedahay in ka badan 60 nooc oo kiimiko ah oo wanaagsan oo ka mid ah silsiladaha warshadaha ee hoose, tilmaamaha codsiga hoose ayaa badan.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, aniline waxaa inta badan soo saara hydrogenation katalytic ee nitrobenzene, taas oo ah soosaarka hydrogenation ee nitric acid, hydrogen iyo benzene saafi ah sida alaabta ceeriin. Waxaa lagu dabaqaa dhulka hoose ee MDI, waxyaabaha caagga ah, midabada iyo dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha caafimaadka, waxyaabaha lagu daro shidaalka iyo wixii la mid ah. Benzene saafiga ah ee shirkadaha sifaynta saliidda iyo wax soo saarka kiimikada laguma qasi karo wax soo saarka saliidda, taas oo kor u qaadaysa fidinta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga silsiladda warshadaha hoose ee benzene saafi ah, taas oo noqotay diiradda cilmi baarista kiimikada iyo warshadaha horumarinta.

Marka loo eego warshadaha kala duwan ee badeecadaha hoose ee p-aniline lagu dabaqo, waxay qiyaas ahaan loo qaybin karaa warshadaha soo socda: Marka hore, codsiga duurka xawaaraha caagga ah iyo antioxidant, kaas oo qiyaas ahaan loo qaybin karo shan nooc oo badeecado ah. , kuwaas oo kala ah p-aminobenzidine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine iyo dicyclohexylamine. Inta badan alaabooyinkan aniline waxaa loo isticmaalaa beerta antioxidant-ka caagga ah, sida p-amino diphenylamine waxay soo saari kartaa antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, iwm.

Isticmaalka duurka xawaare caag ah iyo antioxidant waa jihada muhiimka ah ee isticmaalka aniline ee duurka caagga ah, xisaabinta in ka badan 11% wadarta guud ee isticmaalka aniline hoose, alaabta wakiilka ugu weyn waa p-aminobenzidine iyo hydroquinone.

In xeryahooda diazo, isticmaalaya aniline iyo Nitrate iyo alaabta kale, alaabta la soo saari karaa waa p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene iyo wixii la mid ah. Alaabooyinkan waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhinacyada dheeha, daawooyinka iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadiyaha ah. Alaabooyinka wakiilku waa: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, taas oo ah dheeha azo synthetic, um codka dheeha, dheeha kala firdhiso, sidoo kale loo isticmaalo soo saarista rinjiga iyo midabka iyo sida tilmaame, iwm. P-hydroxyaniline waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka. of sulphide buluug FBG, acid daciif ah huruud dhalaalaya 5G iyo midabyo kale, soo saaridda paracetamol, antamine iyo daawooyinka kale, sidoo kale loo isticmaalo in wax soo saarka ee horumarinta, antioxidant iyo wixii la mid ah.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, inta badan xeryahooda aniline ee loo isticmaalo warshadaha dheeha Shiinaha waa p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride iyo p-hydroxyaniline, xisaabinta qiyaastii 1% isticmaalka hoose ee aniline, taas oo ah jihada codsiga muhiimka ah ee xeryahooda nitrogen ee hoose ee aniline iyo sidoo kale jihada muhiimka ah ee cilmi baarista tignoolajiyada warshadaha ee hadda.

Codsiga kale ee muhiimka ah ee aniline waa halogenation ee aniline, sida soo saarista p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea iyo alaabooyin kale. Sababtoo ah tirada badan ee alaabada halogenation ee aniline, horudhac ahaan waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay jiraan ku dhawaad ​​​​20 nooc, kuwaas oo noqday jihada muhiimka ah ee fidinta silsiladda warshadaha kiimikada wanaagsan ee aniline.

Dareen-celinta kale ee muhiimka ah ee aniline waa falcelinta dhimista, sida aniline iyo hydrogen si ay u soo saaraan cyclohexamine, aniline iyo sulfuric acid iyo soodhaha si loo soo saaro bicyclohexane, aniline iyo sulfuric acid iyo sulfur trioxide si loo soo saaro p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Dareen-celinta noocan ahi waxay u baahan tahay tiro badan oo wax-soo-saar ah, iyo tirada badeecadaha hoose ma badna, qiyaas ahaan waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay yihiin ilaa shan nooc oo badeecooyin ah.

 Waxaa ka mid ah, sida p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, warshadaynta midabada azo, loo isticmaalo sida reagent tixraac, reagent tijaabo ah iyo reagent falanqaynta chromatographic, sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii cayayaanka si looga hortago miridhku sarreen. Dicyclohexamine, waa diyaarinta dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha dheeha, iyo sidoo kale sunta cayayaanka ee miridhku qamadiga ah, iyo sidoo kale diyaarinta dhir udgoon iyo wixii la mid ah.

Xaaladaha falcelinta dhimista aniline waa mid aad u adag. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, badankood waxay ku urursan yihiin shaybaarka iyo heerka wax soo saarka yar yar ee Shiinaha, iyo saamiga isticmaalka ayaa aad u yar. Ma aha jihada ugu muhiimsan ee fidinta silsiladda warshadaha kiimikada ee wanaagsan ee aniline.

Kordhinta silsilada warshadaha kiimikada ee wanaagsan iyadoo la isticmaalayo aniline sida alaabta ceeriin waxaa ka mid ah falcelinta arylation, falcelinta alkylation, falcelinta oksaydhka iyo nitrification, falcelinta baaskiilka, falcelinta uumiga aldehyde iyo falcelinta isku dhafan ee adag. Aniline waxay ka qayb qaadan kartaa falcelin kiimiko badan, waxaana jira codsiyo badan oo hoose.