Ka dib ku dhawaad ​​boqol sano oo horumar ah, warshadaha Kiimikada ee Shiinaha ayaa noqday dalka ugu kobaca badan adduunka, wareegga warshadaha marka loo eego Yurub, Mareykanka iyo Japan iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed ayaa si weyn loo soo gaabiyay wareegga warshadaha kiimikada, kuwaas oo Yurub iyo Mareykanka iyo wadamo kale. waxay u baahan yihiin tobanaan sano si ay u gaaraan heerka cabbirka, warshadaha kiimikada Shiinaha dhowr sano oo kaliya ayaa soo afjarmay. Farqiga u dhexeeya ayaa ah in ka dib marxaladda baaxadda weyn ee warshadaha kiimikada ee Yurub iyo Mareykanka, tirada alaabada kiimikada ee wanaagsan ee ay taageerto tignoolajiyada sare ayaa si aad ah u kordhay, halka Shiinaha, ay sabab u tahay horumarka xaddidan ee tignoolajiyada, suuqa. mugga sahayda kiimikooyinka wanaagsan ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u koray.

Waxay aaminsan tahay in 5-10 sano ee soo socota, geeddi-socodka ballaaran ee warshadaha kiimikada ee Shiinaha uu dhammaan doono, iyo geeddi-socodka horumarinta wanaagsan uu sii dardargelin doono. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira machadyo badan oo cilmi-baaris gudaha ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ku xiran shirkadaha hormuudka ah, waxay kordhinayaan maalgashiga cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta kiimikooyinka wanaagsan.

Waayo, jihada horumarinta ee kiimikooyinka ganaax Shiinaha, Pingtou Brother soo koobay qodobbada soo socda, marka hore, isticmaalka hydrocarbons-kaarbon-hooseeya sida alaabta ceeriin ee cilmi-baaritaan qoto dheer ee cilmi-baarista, hoose diiradda on dhexda dawooyinka, dhexdhexaadiyaha cayayaanka iyo beeraha kale. Marka labaad, farsamaynta qoto dheer iyo ka faa'iidaysiga hydrocarbons polycarbon, ka hooseeya ee qalabka kiimikada wanaagsan ee dhamaadka-dhamaadka sare, caawiye iyo beeraha kale; Saddexaad, kala-soocidda iyo nadiifinta alaabta ceeriin ee karbon-karboon-kaarboon ah iyo farsamaynta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga qoto dheer, hoos-u-socodka beeraha surfactants iyo balaastikada.

Marka loo eego qiimaha, fidinta warshadaha kiimikada ee wanaagsan ee alaabta ceeriin ee kaarboon-yar ayaa ah habka ugu qiimaha hooseeya ee wax soo saarka iyo cilmi-baarista hadda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, tiro ka mid ah machadyada cilmi-baarista sayniska ee Shiinaha ayaa si firfircoon u ballaarinaya cilmi-baarista hydrocarbons-ka carbon hooseeya ee kiimikooyinka ganaaxa. Alaabooyinka wakiilku waa fidinta kiimikaad wanaagsan ee silsiladda warshadaha isobutylene iyo kordhinta kiimikada wanaagsan ee silsiladda warshadaha aniline.

Sida laga soo xigtay baaritaanka hordhaca ah, silsiladda warshadaha ee in ka badan 50 kiimikooyin ganaax ah oo ka hooseeya isobutylene nadiif ah ayaa la kordhiyey, iyo silsiladda warshadaha ee alaabooyinka hoose waxay leeyihiin heer aad u sarreeya. Waxaa jira in ka badan 60 nooc oo kiimiko ah oo wanaagsan xagga hoose ee fidinta silsilada warshadaha aniline, iyo tilmaamo badan oo dhanka codsiga hoose ah.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, aniline waxaa inta badan soo saara hydrogenation katalytic ee nitrobenzene, taas oo ah soosaarka hydrogenation ee nitric acid, hydrogen iyo benzene saafi ah sida alaabta ceeriin. Waxaa lagu dabaqaa hoosta MDI, kaabayaal caag ah, midabyo iyo dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha dawooyinka, waxyaabaha lagu daro shidaalka iyo goobo kale. benzene saafi ah ee shirkadaha sifaynta iyo wax soo saarka kiimikaad laguma qasi karo wax soo saarka saliidda, taas oo kor u kordhinta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga ee silsilad warshadaha hoose ee benzene saafi ah, oo noqday diiradda cilmi-baarista kiimikada iyo warshadaha horumarinta.

Marka loo eego warshadaha kala duwan ee loo isticmaalo alaabooyinka hoose ee aniline, waxaa loo qaybin karaa qiyaas ahaan warshadaha soo socda: Marka hore, codsiga duurka xawaaladaha caagga ah iyo antioxidants ayaa qiyaas ahaan loo qaybin karaa shan alaab, kuwaas oo ah p-amino-diphenylamine. , hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine iyo dicyclohexylamine. Inta badan alaabooyinkan aniline waxaa loo isticmaalaa beerta antioxidants caag ah, sida p-amino-diphenylamine waxay soo saari kartaa antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D iyo wixii la mid ah.

Goobta dardargelinta caagga ah iyo isticmaalka antioxidant, aniline hoose ee duurka caaggu waa jihada isticmaalka muhiimka ah, xisaabinta qiyaastii 11% wadarta guud ee isticmaalka hoose ee aniline, alaabta wakiillada ugu muhiimsan waa p-amino-diphenylamine iyo hydroquinone.

Ka mid ah xeryahooda diazo, iyadoo la isticmaalayo aniline iyo nitrate iyo alaabta kale, alaabta la soo saari karaa waa p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene iyo wixii la mid ah. Alaabooyinkan waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhinacyada dheeha, daawooyinka iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadiyaha ah. Alaabooyinka wakiilku waa: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, taas oo ah dheeha azo synthetic, dheeha tuubada, dheeha kala firdhiso, iyo sidoo kale loo isticmaalo soo saarista rinji iyo midabada iyo sida tilmaame. P-hydroxyaniline waxaa loo isticmaalaa in wax soo saarka ee baaruud buluug FBG, acid daciif ah huruud dhalaalaya 5G iyo midabyo kale, soo saaridda paracetamol, antamine iyo daroogooyinka kale, laakiin sidoo kale loo isticmaalo in wax soo saarka ee horumarinta, antioxidants iyo wixii la mid ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay baaritaanka , hadda, xeryahooda aniline loo isticmaalo warshadaha dheeh Shiinaha ayaa inta badan p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride iyo p-hydroxyaniline, xisaabinta ku saabsan 1% isticmaalka hoose ee aniline, taas oo ah jihada codsiga muhiimka ah xeryahooda nitrogen in hoose ee aniline, iyo sidoo kale waa jihada muhiimka ah ee cilmi-baarista tignoolajiyada warshadaha hadda.

Codsiga kale ee muhiimka ah ee aniline waa halogenation ee aniline, sida soosaarka p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea iyo alaabooyin kale. Sababtoo ah tirada badan ee alaabada halogenation aniline, horudhac ahaan waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay jiraan ku dhawaad ​​​​20 nooc, taas oo sidoo kale noqotay jihada muhiimka ah ee fidinta silsiladda warshadaha kiimikada ee wanaagsan ee aniline.

Alaabooyinka hoose ee isticmaalaya aniline halogenation, sida o-chloraniline, waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista baaruud buluug ah FBG, acid daciif ah oo dhalaalaya jaalaha 5G, soo saarida paracetamol, antamine iyo daawooyinka kale, laakiin sidoo kale wax soo saarka ee horumarinta, antioxidants iyo sidaas oo kale. Diphenyl thiourea waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarida dardargeliyayaasha vulcanization, kaabsoosha vulcanization, taayirrada biyaha, silig iyo fiilada, iyo sidoo kale daawada iyo dhexdhexaadiyaha dheeha. N-acetoacetanilide waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista sulfonamides, xanuunka xanuunka, barafka antipyretic iyo waxyaalaha ilaaliya, iyo dardar galinta caagga.

Sida laga soo xigtay qiimaynta aan dhamaystirnayn, tirada aniline halogenated hoose aniline kiimiko ganaax ah ayaa xisaabiya ilaa 40% tirada kiimikooyinka aniline hoose, laakiin alaabooyinka waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in beeraha-dhamaadka sare, iyo miisaanka guud ma aha weyn. Iyada oo horumarinta xoogga leh ee beerta daawada, cilmi-baarista farsamada ee aniline halogenation ayaa sidoo kale noqotay jihada horumarinta muhiimka ah ee cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada Shiinaha.

Dareen-celinta kale ee muhiimka ah ee aniline waa falcelinta dhimista, sida aniline iyo hydrogen si loo soo saaro cyclohexane, aniline iyo sulfuric acid iyo ash soodhaha si loo soo saaro dicyclohexane, aniline iyo sulfuric acid iyo sulfur trioxide si loo soo saaro p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Dareen-celinta noocan ah waxay u baahan tahay tiro badan oo qalab caawimo ah, iyo tirada alaabooyinka hoose ma badna, waxaana qiyaas ahaan lagu qiyaasaa inay jiraan ilaa shan alaab. 

Waxaa ka mid ah, sida p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, soo saarista midabada azo, iwm, loo isticmaalo sida reagent tixraac, reagent tijaabo iyo reagent falanqaynta chromatographic, iyo sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sida cayayaanka si looga hortago cudurka miridhku sarreen. Dicyclohexylamine, waa diyaarinta dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha dheeha, iyo sidoo kale sunta cayayaanka ee miridhku qamadiga ah, iyo diyaarinta dhir udgoon.

Xaaladaha falcelinta dhimista ee aniline waa mid aad u adag, iyo hadda, Shiinaha ayaa inta badan ku urursan shaybaarka iyo heerka wax soo saarka yar yar, iyo saamiga isticmaalka waa mid aad u yar, taas oo aan ahayn jihada ugu weyn ee kordhinta kiimikada wanaagsan ee hoose. silsilad warshadaha aniline.

Isticmaalka aniline sida alaabta ceeriin ee fidinta silsilad warshadaha kiimikada ganaax, waxaa jira falcelin arylation, falcelinta alkylation, oxidation iyo falcelinta nitrification, falcelinta baaskiil, falcelinta uumi aldehyde iyo falcelin isku dhafan oo adag. Aniline waxay ka qayb qaadan kartaa falcelin kiimiko badan, waxaana jira codsiyo badan oo hoose. waxaanu sii wadi doonaa inaanu samayno falanqayn gaar ah, fadlan sug.