Rinjiye Rinjiga Super Rinjiga ah/ka saar rinjiga

 Rinjiye Rinjiga Super Rinjiga ah/ka saar rinjiga

Astaamaha:

l Ka saar rinjiga deegaanka u fiican

l Non-daxalka, isticmaal badbaadada oo si fudud u shaqee

l Kuma jiraan aashito, benzene iyo walxo kale oo waxyeello leh

l Waxaa dib loo isticmaali karaa iyadoo la nadiifinayo filimka rinjiga iyo wasakhda rinjiga ee xalka ku jirta

l Si dhakhso ah ayuu uga saari karaa rinjiga phenolic resin, acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane-ka iyo rinjiga ugu fiican

 

Habka codsiga:

Muuqaalka l: Dareere hufan oo aan midab lahayn ilaa bunni khafiif ah

l Habka Daaweynta: Quusitaanka

Waqtiga Daaweynta: 1-15 daqiiqo

l Heerkulka Daaweynta: 15-35℃

Daawaynta kadib: Biyo raaci filimka rinjiga haraaga ah adigoo isticmaalaya biyo cadaadis sare leh

Ogeysiis:

1. Taxaddarrada

(1) Waa mamnuuc in si toos ah loo taabto iyada oo aan la helin ilaalin badbaado;

(2) Xiro galoofyada badbaadada iyo muraayadaha indhaha ka hor intaadan isticmaalin

(3) Ka fogow kulaylka, dabka oo ku kaydi meel hadh leh oo hawo leh.

2. Tallaabooyinka gargaarka degdegga ah

1. Isla markiiba ku dhaq biyo badan, haddii ay taabato maqaarka iyo isha. Kadibna sida ugu dhakhsaha badan u weydii talo caafimaad.

2. Cab ~10% sodium carbonate biyo ah isla markiiba, haddii ay dhacdo inaad liqdo qalabka rinjiga ka saara. Kadib weydii talo caafimaad sida ugu dhakhsaha badan.

 

Codsiga:

Birta kaarboonka ah

l xaashida galvanized

l Daawaha Aluminium

l Daawaha Magnesium

l Naxaas, galaas, alwaax iyo balaastik iwm.

 

Xidhmada, kaydinta iyo gaadiidka:

l Waxaa laga heli karaa 200 kg/ foosto ama 25 kg/ foosto

Muddada kaydinta: ~ 12 bilood weelal xiran, meel hadh leh oo qalalan

Xariijimaha rinjiga iyo balaastikada

Xariijimaha rinjiga iyo balaastikada

hordhac

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, horumarinta qalabka rinjiga xoqa ee Shiinaha waa mid aad u dhakhso badan, laakiin weli waxaa jira dhibaatooyin qaar, sida sunta sare, saameynta xoqidda rinjiga oo aan ku qanacsanayn iyo wasakhowga daran. Tayada sare, tayada sare ee tiknoolajiyada iyo alaabada qiimaha sare leh ayaa yar. Inta lagu jiro diyaarinta qalabka rinjiga xoqa, badanaa waxaa lagu daraa shamaca paraffin, inkastoo ay ka hortagi karto dareeraha inuu si dhakhso ah u daato, laakiin ka dib marka rinjiga la xoqo, shamaca paraffin badanaa wuxuu ku sii jiraa dusha sare ee shayga la rinjiyeynayo, sidaa darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in gebi ahaanba laga saaro shamaca paraffin, sababtoo ah xaaladaha kala duwan ee dusha sare ee la rinjiyeynayo, taasoo aad u adkeyneysa in laga saaro shamaca paraffin, taasoo keeneysa dhib weyn oo ku yimaada dahaarka xiga. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo la horumarinayo tignoolajiyada iyo horumarka bulshada, dadku waxay noqonayaan kuwo aad uga warqaba ilaalinta deegaanka waxayna leeyihiin shuruudo sare iyo sare oo loogu talagalay qalabka rinjiga xoqa. Sannado badan, warshadaha rinjiga waxay isku dayayeen inay yareeyaan isticmaalka dareeraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dareeraha ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah rinjiga xoqa, sidaas darteed xulashada dareeraha waa mid aad muhiim u ah. Qodobka 612 ee Tilmaamaha Farsamada Jarmalka (TRGS) wuxuu had iyo jeer xaddiday isticmaalka xoqayaasha rinjiga methylene chloride si loo yareeyo khataraha shaqada. Waxaa xusid mudan in si joogto ah loo isticmaalo xoqayaasha rinjiga methylene chloride dhaqameed ee qurxiyeyaasha iyagoon tixgelinayn badbaadada deegaanka shaqada. Labada nidaam ee adag iyo kuwa biyaha ku salaysan labaduba waa ikhtiyaarro lagu yareeyo waxyaabaha dareeraha ah iyo in la abuuro badeecad ammaan ah in la isticmaalo. Sidaa darteed, xoqayaasha rinjiga ku salaysan biyaha ee deegaanka u fiican oo hufan ayaa noqon doona jidka hore ee xoqayaasha rinjiga. Qalalayaasha rinjiga ee heerka sare ah, kuwa heerka sare ah oo leh waxyaabo badan ayaa aad u rajo leh.

Isku soo ururi wax ka beddel noocyada rinjiga ee cutubkan

1) Qalabka rinjiga alkaline-ka ah

Rinjiga alkaline-ka ah guud ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay walxo alkaline ah (sodium hydroxide oo si caadi ah loo isticmaalo, dambaska soodhaha, galaaska biyaha, iwm.), surfactants, daxalka joojiya, iwm., kuwaas oo la kululeeyo marka la isticmaalo. Dhinac, alkali saponizes wuxuu ku milmaa kooxo rinjiga ku jira wuxuuna ku milmaa biyaha; dhanka kale, uumiga kulul wuxuu kariyaa filimka dahaarka, taasoo keenta inuu lumiyo xooggiisa oo uu yareeyo ku dhegganaanta birta, taas oo, oo ay weheliso saameynta gelinta surfactant-ka, gelinta iyo isku xirnaanta, ugu dambeyntii waxay keentaa in dahaarka duugga ah la burburiyo. Wuu libdhaa.

2) Rinjiga aashitada ah ee la jarjaro.

Rinjiye asiidh ah waa qalab rinjiga ka saara asiidhyo xooggan sida asiidh sulfuric ah oo xooggan, asiidh hydrochloric ah, asiidh fosfoorik ah iyo asiidh nitric ah. Sababtoo ah asiidh hydrochloric ah oo xooggan iyo asiidh nitric ah oo xooggan ayaa si fudud u burbura oo soo saara ceeryaamo asiidh ah, waxayna leeyihiin saameyn daxaleed oo ku saabsan substrate-ka birta, asiidh fosfoorik ah oo xoogganna waxay qaadataa waqti dheer in rinjiga la libdho waxayna leedahay saameyn daxaleed oo ku saabsan substrate-ka, sidaa darteed, saddexda asiidh ee kor ku xusan si dhif ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in rinjiga la libdho. Asiidh sulfuric ah oo xooggan iyo aluminium, bir iyo biraha kale ee falgalka passivation, sidaa darteed daxalka birtu aad buu u yar yahay, isla markaana wuxuu leeyahay fuuq-bax xooggan, kaarboonayn iyo sulfonation oo ah walxaha dabiiciga ah wuxuuna ka dhigaa inuu ku milmo biyaha, sidaa darteed asiidh sulfuric ah oo xooggan ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa qalabka rinjiga asiidhka ah.

3) Rinjiga dareeraha ah ee caadiga ah

Rinji-saareyaasha rinjiga ee caadiga ah waxay ka kooban yihiin isku-darka dareeraha dabiiciga ah iyo paraffin, sida T-1, T-2, T-3 oo xoqaya rinjiga; Rinji-saareyaasha rinjiga T-1 waxay ka kooban yihiin ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, benzene, paraffin; T-2 waxay ka kooban tahay ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, benzene iyo dareere kale iyo paraffin; T-3 waxay ka kooban tahay methylene chloride, plexiglass, plexi-glass iyo dareere kale. Ethanol, paraffin wax, iwm. waa isku dhafan yihiin, sun yar, saameyn wanaagsan oo xoqaya rinjiga. Waxay leeyihiin saameyn xoqaya rinjiga oo ku saabsan rinjiga alkyd, rinjiga nitro, rinjiga acrylic iyo rinjiga perchlorethylene. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dareeraha dabiiciga ah ee noocan ah ee xoqaya rinjiga waa mid kacsan, guban kara oo sun ah, sidaa darteed waa in lagu mari karaa meel hawo fiican leh.

4) Rinjiga dareeraha ah ee koloriin ku jira

Rinjiga lagu rido hydrocarbon-ka ee koloriin ku jira ayaa xalliya dhibaatada xoqidda rinjiga ee dahaarka epoxy iyo polyurethane, waa mid fudud in la isticmaalo, waxtar sare leh oo aan lahayn wax daxal ah oo biraha ah. Waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay dareereyaal (qalabyada rinjiga dhaqameedku waxay inta badan u isticmaalaan methylene chloride sidii dareere dabiici ah, halka kuwa rinjiga casriga ah ee xoqa badanaa ay isticmaalaan dareereyaal heer sare ah oo karkaraya, sida dimethylaniline, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate iyo N-methyl pyrrolidone, oo lagu daray alcohols iyo dareere udgoon, ama lagu daray nidaamyada hydrophilic alkaline ama acidic), dareereyaal isku dhafan (sida methanol, ethanol iyo isopropyl alcohol, iwm.) Firfircooniyaasha (sida phenol, formic acid ama ethanolamine, iwm.), dhumuc-badanayaasha (sida polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose iyo fumed silica, iwm.), kuwa kiciya kacsanaanta (sida wax paraffin, ping ping, iwm.), surfactants (sida OP-10, OP-7 iyo sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, iwm.), kuwa joojiya daxalka, wakiilada gelitaanka, wakiilada qoyaanka iyo wakiilada thixotropic.

5) Qalabka rinjiga ee biyaha ku salaysan

Dalka Shiinaha, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay si guul leh u sameeyeen qalab rinji-ka-saarista biyaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo khamriga benzyl halkii laga isticmaali lahaa dichloromethane oo ah dareeraha ugu weyn. Marka laga soo tago khamriga benzyl, waxa kale oo ku jira walxaha dhumucda, kuwa kiciya firfircoonida, firfircoonida iyo surfactant. Halabuurka aasaasiga ah waa (saamiga mugga): 20%-40% qaybta dareeraha ah iyo 40%-60% qaybta biyaha ku salaysan ee aashitada leh oo leh surfactant. Marka la barbar dhigo qalabka rinjiga dichloromethane ee dhaqameed, waxa uu leeyahay sun yar iyo xawaare isku mid ah oo ka saarista rinjiga. Waxa uu ka saari karaa rinjiga epoxy, rinjiga jaallaha ah ee epoxy zinc, gaar ahaan rinjiga maqaarka diyaaradaha waxa uu leeyahay saameyn rinji oo wanaagsan.

Isu ururi wax ka beddel cutubkan qaybaha caadiga ah

1) Dareeraha aasaasiga ah

Dareeraha ugu weyn wuxuu milmi karaa filimka rinjiga iyada oo loo marayo gelinta molecular iyo barar, taas oo burburin karta isku dhejinta filimka rinjiga ee substrate-ka iyo qaab-dhismeedka booska ee filimka rinjiga, sidaa darteed benzene, hydrocarbon, ketone iyo ether ayaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa dareerayaasha ugu muhiimsan, hydrocarbon-na waa kan ugu fiican. Dareeraha ugu muhiimsan waa benzene, hydrocarbons, ketones iyo ethers, hydrocarbons-na waa kuwa ugu fiican. Dareeraha rinjiga ee sunta yar ee aan ku jirin methylene chloride wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay ketone (pyrrolidone), ester (methyl benzoate) iyo alcohol ether (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), iwm. Ethylene glycol ether wuxuu u fiican yahay resin polymer. Ethylene glycol ether wuxuu leeyahay milmi xooggan oo u adkaysta resin polymer, awood wanaagsan, dhibic karkaraya oo sareysa, qiimo jaban, waana surfactant wanaagsan, sidaa darteed waxay firfircoon tahay cilmi-baarista isticmaalka iyada oo ah dareeraha ugu weyn si loo diyaariyo dareeraha rinjiga (ama wakiilka nadiifinta) oo leh saameyn wanaagsan iyo shaqooyin badan.

Molekulka benzaldehyde waa yar yahay, gelinta silsiladda macromolecules-ka waa mid xooggan, milmidiisana walxaha dabiiciga ah ee polar-ka ayaa sidoo kale aad u xoog badan, taasoo ka dhigi doonta macromolecules-ka inay kordhaan mugga oo ay soo saaraan cadaadis. Sunta yar iyo xoqidda rinjiga ee aan isbeddelin ee hooseeya ee lagu diyaariyey benzaldehyde oo ah dareere ayaa si wax ku ool ah uga saari kara dahaarka budada epoxy ee dusha sare ee substrate-ka birta heerkulka qolka, sidoo kale waa ku habboon tahay ka saarista rinjiga maqaarka diyaaradda. Waxqabadka xoqidda rinjigan ayaa la mid ah kan xoqidda rinjiga kiimikada dhaqameed (nooca methylene chloride iyo nooca alkali kulul), laakiin aad ayuu u yar yahay xoqidda substrate-ka birta.

Limonene waa walax wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay kuwa rinjiga ka gooya marka laga eego dhinaca la cusboonaysiin karo. Waa dareere hydrocarbon ah oo laga soo saaro diirka liinta, diirka tangerine iyo diirka citron. Waa dareere aad u fiican oo loogu talagalay dufanka, shamaca iyo resin. Waxay leedahay barta karkarinta sare iyo barta shidista waana ammaan in la isticmaalo. Dareeraha Ester waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sidii walxo ceeriin ah oo loogu talagalay kuwa rinjiga ka gooya. Dareeraha Ester waxaa lagu gartaa sun yar, ur udgoon iyo biyo aan ku milmin, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa dareere ahaan walxaha saliidda leh ee organic-ga ah. Methyl benzoate waa wakiilka dareereyaasha ester-ka, aqoonyahanno badanna waxay rajeynayaan inay u isticmaalaan kuwa rinjiga ka gooya.

2) Dareeraha Isku-dhafka ah

Xaliyaha isku-dhafka ah wuxuu kordhin karaa kala-baxa methyl cellulose, wuxuu hagaajin karaa daxalka iyo xasilloonida badeecada, wuxuuna la shaqeyn karaa molecules-ka dareeraha ugu muhiimsan si ay u galaan filimka rinjiga, wuxuuna yareyn karaa isku-xidhka u dhexeeya filimka rinjiga iyo substrate-ka, si loo dedejiyo heerka xoqidda rinjiga. Waxay sidoo kale yareyn kartaa qiyaasta dareeraha ugu weyn wuxuuna yareyn karaa kharashka. Khamriga, ethers iyo esters-ka waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sidii xalal isku-dhafan.

3) Horumariye

Dhiirrigeliyuhu waa tiro dareereyaal nukliyeeyaal ah, oo inta badan asiidhyada dabiiciga ah, phenols iyo amiins, oo ay ku jiraan asiidh formic, acetic acid iyo phenol. Waxay ku shaqeysaa burburinta silsiladaha macromolecular iyo dardargelinta gelinta iyo bararka dahaarka. Asiidh dabiici ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay koox shaqo oo la mid ah isku-dhafka filimka rinjiga - OH, waxay la falgeli kartaa nidaamka isku-xidhka oksijiinta, nitrogen iyo atamka kale ee polar, iyadoo kor u qaadaysa nidaamka qayb ka mid ah dhibcaha isku-xidhka jirka, taasoo kordhinaysa xoqidda rinjiga ee heerka faafinta dahaarka dabiiciga ah, waxay hagaajinaysaa bararka filimka rinjiga iyo awoodda laalaabka. Isla mar ahaantaana, asiidhyada dabiiciga ah waxay kicin karaan hydrolysis-ka xiriirka ester, xiriirka ether ee polymer-ka waxayna ka dhigi karaan inay jabiso xiriirka, taasoo keenta luminta adkaanta iyo substrate-ka jilicsan ka dib marka rinjiga laga jaro.

Biyaha la baabi'iyay waa dareere joogto ah oo dielectric sare leh (ε=80120 at 20 ℃). Marka dusha sare ee la jarayo ay tahay mid cidhif ah, sida polyurethane, dareere joogto ah oo dielectric sare leh wuxuu saameyn togan ku leeyahay kala soocida dusha sare ee electrostatic, si dareereyaasha kale ay u geli karaan daloolada u dhexeeya dahaarka iyo substrate-ka.

Haydarojiin peroxide waxay ku burburtaa inta badan dusha sare ee birta, taasoo soo saarta oksijiin, haydarojiin iyo qaab atomi ah oo oksijiin ah. Oksijiinku wuxuu sababaa in lakabka difaaca ee jilicsan uu soo rogo, taasoo u oggolaanaysa xoqaha rinjiga cusub inuu dhex galo birta iyo dahaarka, taasoo dedejinaysa habka xoqidda. Asiidhku sidoo kale waa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah qaacidooyinka xoqaha rinjiga, shaqadooduna waa inay ilaaliyaan pH-ga xoqaha rinjiga 210-510 si ay ula falgalaan kooxaha amine ee bilaashka ah ee dahaarka sida polyurethane. Asiidhka la isticmaalo wuxuu noqon karaa asiidh adag oo milmi kara, asiidh dareere ah, asiidh organic ama asiidh aan organic ahayn. Maadaama asiidh aan organic ahayn uu u badan yahay inuu soo saaro miridh bir ah, markaa waxaa ugu wanaagsan in la isticmaalo qaacido guud oo RCOOH ah, miisaanka molecular-ka oo ka yar 1,000 asiidh oo organic ah oo milmi kara, sida formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid, citric acid iyo asiidhyo kale oo hydroxy ah iyo isku darka.

4) Qalab-qafiif ah

Haddii qalabka rinjiga laga jaro loo isticmaalo qaybaha dhismaha ee waaweyn ee u baahan inay ku dhegaan dusha sare si ay uga falceliyaan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro walxaha dhumucda leh sida polymers-ka biyaha ku milma sida cellulose, polyethylene glycol, iwm., ama cusbooyinka aan dabiiciga ahayn sida sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, iyo magnesium chloride. Waa in la ogaadaa in cusbooyinka aan dabiiciga ahayn ee dhumucda leh ay hagaajiyaan dheellitirka ay kordhin doonaan qiyaastooda, marka laga reebo xadkan, dheellitirka ayaa la dhimayaa, xulashada aan habboonaynna waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku yeelan kartaa qaybaha kale.

Khamriga Polyvinyl waa polymer-ka biyaha ku milma, oo leh milmi biyo oo wanaagsan, sameynta filimada, isku dhejinta iyo emulsification, laakiin dhowr iskudhis oo dabiici ah ayaa milmi kara, iskudhisyo polyol ah sida glycerol, ethylene glycol iyo polyethylene glycol miisaan yar oo molecular ah, amide, milix triethanolamine, dimethyl sulfoxide, iwm., ee dareeraha organic-ga ee kor ku xusan, waa in sidoo kale la kululeeyaa xaddi yar oo khamriga polyvinyl ah. Xalka biyaha ee khamriga Polyvinyl oo leh khamriga benzyl iyo isku darka acid-ka formic ee iswaafajinta liidata, lakab fudud, iyo isla mar ahaantaana leh cellulose methyl, milmida cellulose hydroxyethyl ee milmida cellulose ee liidata, laakiin iyo carboxy methyl cellulose ayaa ka wanaagsan.

Polyacrylamide waa polymer toosan oo biyaha ku milma, isaga iyo waxyaabaha ka soo baxa waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida flocculants, dhumuc-saareyaal, xoojiyayaal warqad iyo dib-u-celin, iwm. Maadaama silsiladda molecular-ka ee polyacrylamide ay ka kooban tahay kooxda amide, waxaa lagu gartaa hydrophilicity sare, laakiin kuma milmo inta badan xalalka dabiiciga ah, sida methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons iyo hydrocarbons aromatic. Xalka biyaha ee methyl cellulose ee nooca aashitada benzyl alcohol ayaa aad u deggan, noocyo kala duwan oo walxo biyo ku milma ayaa leh isku-darka wanaagsan. Qadarka viscosity waxay ku xiran tahay shuruudaha dhismaha, laakiin saameynta dhumucdu si toos ah uma eka tirada, iyadoo kororka xaddiga lagu daray, xalka biyaha ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u yareeya heerkulka gelation-ka. Nooca Benzaldehyde laguma kordhin karo iyadoo lagu darayo methyl cellulose si loo gaaro saameyn viscosity oo muhiim ah.

5) Xakamaynta Daxalka

Si looga hortago daxalka substrate-ka (gaar ahaan magnesium iyo aluminium), waa in lagu daraa xaddi cayiman oo ka hortaga daxalka. Daxalka waa dhibaato aan la iska indho tiri karin habka wax soo saarka dhabta ah, walxaha lagu daweeyay rinjiga waa in lagu dhaqo oo lagu qalajiyaa biyo ama lagu dhaqo rosin iyo gaas waqtigeeda si loo hubiyo in birta iyo walxaha kale aysan daxalaysan.

6) Ka-hortagayaasha isbeddelka leh

Guud ahaan, walxaha leh awood-fudud oo wanaagsan ayaa si fudud loo kala diri karaa, sidaa darteed si looga hortago kala-baxa molecules-ka dareeraha ugu muhiimsan, waa in lagu daraa xaddi cayiman oo ka hortagta kala-baxa molecules-ka dareeraha ah si loo yareeyo kala-baxa molecules-ka dareeraha ah habka wax soo saarka, rarista, kaydinta iyo isticmaalka. Marka la mariyo rinjiga xoqaha leh shamac paraffin dusha sare, lakab khafiif ah oo shamac paraffin ah ayaa laga samayn doonaa dusha sare, si molecules-ka dareeraha ugu weyn ay u helaan waqti ku filan oo ay ku sii jiraan oo ay u galaan filimka rinjiga si looga saaro, taasoo hagaajinaysa saameynta ka-qaadista rinjiga. Shamac paraffin oo adag oo keliya ayaa badanaa sababi doona kala-bax liita, qadar yar oo shamac paraffin ahna wuxuu ku sii jiri doonaa dusha sare ka dib marka rinjiga laga saaro, taas oo saameyn doonta dib-u-buufinta. Haddii loo baahdo, ku dar emulsifier si loo yareeyo xiisadda dusha sare si shamac paraffin iyo shamac paraffin oo dareere ah si fiican loogu kala firdhiyo oo xasilloonidiisa kaydinta loo hagaajiyo.

7) Daawaha

Ku darista surfactants, sida amphoteric surfactants (tusaale ahaan, imidazoline) ama ethoxynonylphenol, waxay gacan ka geysan kartaa hagaajinta xasilloonida kaydinta ee xoqaha rinjiga waxayna sahlaysaa in rinjiga lagu raaciyo biyo. Isla mar ahaantaana, isticmaalka molecules-ka surfactant-ka oo leh lipophilic iyo hydrophilic labadaba sifooyin iska soo horjeeda oo ah surfactant-ka, waxay saameyn kartaa saameynta milmida; isticmaalka saamaynta kooxda surfactant colloidal, si milmida qaybo dhowr ah oo ku jira dareeraha si weyn u korodhay. Surfactants-ka caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waa propylene glycol, sodium polymethacrylate ama sodium xylenesulfonate.

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