Kooxda Cyano waxay leedahay polarity xooggan iyo nuugista elektaroonigga ah, sidaa darteed waxay si qoto dheer u geli kartaa borotiinka bartilmaameedka ah si ay u sameeyaan bonds hydrogen oo leh hadhaaga amino acid ee muhiimka ah ee goobta firfircoon. Isla mar ahaantaana, kooxda cyano waa jirka isosteric bioelectronic ee carbonyl, halogen iyo kooxaha kale ee shaqeynaya, taas oo kor u qaadi karta isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya molecules daroogada yar iyo borotiinada bartilmaameedka, sidaas darteed waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa in wax ka beddelka qaabdhismeedka daawada iyo sunta cayayaanka [1] . Cyano wakiilka ah oo ay ku jiraan dawooyinka caafimaadka waxaa ka mid ah saxagliptin (Jaantuska 1), verapamil, febuxostat, iwm; Daawooyinka beeraha waxaa ka mid ah bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil iyo wixii la mid ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, xeryahooda cyano waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin qiimo codsi oo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan beeraha udgoonka, qalabka shaqada iyo wixii la mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, Citronitrile waa udgoonka nitrile cusub oo caalami ah, iyo 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile waa walxo muhiim ah oo ceeriin ah oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta walxaha dareeraha ah. Waxaa la arki karaa in xeryahooda cyano si weyn loogu isticmaalo meelo kala duwan sababtoo ah hantidooda gaarka ah [2].

Kooxda Cyano waxay leedahay polarity xooggan iyo nuugista elektaroonigga ah, sidaa darteed waxay si qoto dheer u geli kartaa borotiinka bartilmaameedka ah si ay u sameeyaan bonds hydrogen oo leh hadhaaga amino acid ee muhiimka ah ee goobta firfircoon. Isla mar ahaantaana, kooxda cyano waa jirka isosteric bioelectronic ee carbonyl, halogen iyo kooxaha kale ee shaqeynaya, taas oo kor u qaadi karta isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya molecules daroogada yar iyo borotiinada bartilmaameedka, sidaas darteed waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa in wax ka beddelka qaabdhismeedka daawada iyo sunta cayayaanka [1] . Cyano wakiilka ah oo ay ku jiraan dawooyinka caafimaadka waxaa ka mid ah saxagliptin (Jaantuska 1), verapamil, febuxostat, iwm; Daawooyinka beeraha waxaa ka mid ah bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil iyo wixii la mid ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, xeryahooda cyano waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin qiimo codsi oo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan beeraha udgoonka, qalabka shaqada iyo wixii la mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, Citronitrile waa udgoonka nitrile cusub oo caalami ah, iyo 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile waa walxo muhiim ah oo ceeriin ah oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta walxaha dareeraha ah. Waxaa la arki karaa in xeryahooda cyano si weyn loogu isticmaalo meelo kala duwan sababtoo ah hantidooda gaarka ah [2].

2.2 falcelinta cyanidation electrophilic ee enol boride

Kooxda Kensuke Kiyokawa [4] waxay adeegsadeen reagents cyanide n-cyano-n-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) iyo p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (tscn) si ay u gaaraan waxtarka sare ee cyanidation electrophilic ee xeryahooda boron enol (Jaantuska 3). Iyada oo loo marayo nidaamkan cusub, β-Acetonitrile kala duwan, oo leh noocyo badan oo substrates ah.

2.3 fal-celinta silico cyanide katalytic organic ee ketones

Dhawaan, kooxda liiska Benjamin [5] ayaa lagu sheegay joornaalka Nature kala duwanaanshaha enantiomeric ee 2-butanone (Jaantuska 4a) iyo falcelinta cyanide asymmetric ee 2-butanone oo leh enzymes, kicinta organic iyo kicinta birta ee kala guurka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo HCN ama tmscn sida cyanide reagent (Jaantuska 4b). Iyada oo tmscn ay tahay reagent cyanide, 2-butanone iyo ketones kale oo badan ayaa lagu sakhiray falcelin aad u firfircoon oo silyl cyanide ah oo hoos timaada xaaladaha catalytic ee idpi (Jaantuska 4C).

Jaantuska 4 A, kala duwanaanshaha enantiomeric ee 2-butanone. b. Cyanidation asymmetric of 2-butanone oo leh ensaymes, kiciyaasha organic iyo kicinta birta ee kala guurka.

c. Idpi waxay kicisaa falcelinta silyl cyanide ee aadka u firfircoon ee 2-butanone iyo tiro balaadhan oo ketones kale ah.

2.4 cyanidation yaraynta aldehydes

Isku dhafka alaabta dabiiciga ah, tosmic-ga cagaaran waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii reagent cyanide si ay si fudud ugu beddelaan aldehydes-ka adag ee nitriles. Habkan waxaa loo sii isticmaalaa in lagu soo bandhigo atamka kaarboon dheeraad ah aldehyde iyo ketones. Habkani wuxuu leeyahay muhiimad wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan wadarta guud ee Enantiospecific ee jiadifenolide waana tallaabo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah soo saarista alaabta dabiiciga ah, sida isku-darka alaabta dabiiciga ah sida clerodane, caribenol A iyo caribenol B [6] (Jaantus 5).

2.5 falcelinta cyanide elektaroonigga ah ee amin organic

Sida tiknoolijiyada isku-dhafka cagaarka ah, isku-dhafka korantada ee organic ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalay qaybaha kala duwan ee isku-dhafka organic. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, cilmi-baarayaal aad iyo aad u badan ayaa u fiirsaday. PrashanthW. Kooxda Menezes [7] ayaa dhawaan soo wariyay in amine aromatic ama amine aliphatic si toos ah loo oksidiin karo xeryahooda cyano u dhiganta ee 1m KOH xal (iyada oo aan lagu darin reagent cyanide) oo leh awood joogto ah oo ah 1.49vrhe iyadoo la isticmaalayo Ni2Si raqiis ah, oo leh wax soo saar sare (Jaantus 6) .

03 kooban

Cyanidation-ku waa fal-celin isku-dhafan oo dabiici ah oo aad muhiim u ah. Laga bilaabo fikradda chemistry-ga cagaaran, reagents cyanide-saaxiibtinimo bey'ada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu badalo reagents sunta dhaqanka iyo waxyeelada leh, iyo habab cusub sida dareeraha-free, aan catalytic iyo microwave irradiation ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo sii ballaariyo baaxadda iyo qoto dheer ee cilmi-baarista, sidaas darteed. si loo dhaliyo faa'iidooyin dhaqaale, bulsho iyo deegaan oo aad u weyn xagga wax soo saarka warshadaha [8]. Horumarka joogtada ah ee cilmi baarista sayniska, falcelinta cyanide waxay u kobcin doontaa dhanka waxsoosaarka sare, dhaqaalaha iyo kimistariga cagaaran.